Chemistry (AS Level)·Foundations of organic chemistry · NSSCAS 4.1.1 & 4.5
Foundations of Organic Chemistry: Formulae, Functional Groups & Isomerism
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This lesson opens the whole world of organic chemistry. You'll learn the key reaction words chemists use — functional group, radicals, nucleophiles, electrophiles and the main reaction types. You'll learn to name molecules systematically up to six carbons, always choosing the lowest number. You'll learn to draw them as general, structural and skeletal formulae. And you'll see how one molecular formula can give several different molecules called isomers — structural and stereoisomers.
What you'll learn in this lesson
By the end you should be able to (NSSCAS Chemistry (AS Level) 4.1.1 & 4.5):
- Interpret and use organic reaction terminology: functional group; homolytic and heterolytic fission; free radical, initiation, propagation, termination; nucleophile, electrophile
- Interpret and use the reaction types: addition, substitution, elimination, hydrolysis, condensation, oxidation and reduction (with [O] and [H])
- Use systematic nomenclature to name alkanes, alkenes, halogenoalkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amines up to six carbons, using lowest-locant numbering and the prefixes mono- to hexa-
- Explain general, structural (condensed/semi-structural and displayed) and skeletal formulae with worked examples
- Describe structural isomerism (chain, positional, functional group)
- Describe stereoisomerism: cis–trans in alkenes (restricted rotation about C=C) and optical isomerism (chiral centre), and identify chiral centres and cis–trans isomerism in a given structure
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